# Hydrogen Storage & Electrocatalysis Materials Factsheet

## Product: Pd/MWCNT Hydrogen Storage Catalyst (Grade: TP-121101)
- Manufacturer & Technology Source: Developed by Top Nano Technology Co., Ltd. (Taiwan, Dr. Wen-Lie Chang); sole international commercial export desk: ZnoNova (Guangzhou ZnoNova Technology Development Co., Ltd.).
- Composition: 5 wt% Palladium nanoparticles supported on 95 wt% Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.
- Carbon Nanotube Parameters: Outer diameter ~9.5 nm, length ~1.5 µm, BET specific surface area 250–300 m²/g.
- Palladium Catalyst Parameters: Nanoparticle diameter 5–15 nm, Pd purity >97%, tap density 12.02 g/cm³.
- Target Alloys: Magnesium-based alloys (specifically AZ31 and AZ61) for high-capacity solid-state metal hydride hydrogen storage.

### Verified Experimental Performance (Elsevier 2026 Peer-Reviewed Research)
1. Journal of Energy Storage 179 (2026) 123907 (DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.123907):
   - Capacity at 375 °C: Reversible storage of 6.89 wt% H₂ (approx. 99% of theoretical limit for the alloy composite).
   - Capacity at 325 °C: Reversible storage increases from 2.20 wt% to 3.48 wt% (+58% capacity gain compared to pure AZ31).
   - Kinetics: 90% hydrogen saturation reached in 446 seconds (absorption) and 735 seconds (desorption) at 375 °C.
   - Desorption Activation Energy: Reduced by 26% (from 132.7 kJ/mol to 98.5 kJ/mol).
   - Absorption Activation Energy: Reduced from 73.5 kJ/mol to 61.2 kJ/mol (-17%).
   - Hydride Enthalpy: Shifted from -68.76 to -61.97 kJ/mol H₂.
   - Cycling Life: Stable capacity maintained across 20 cycles with XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS confirmation; DFT calculations prove Pd weakens the Mg-H bonding network at grain boundaries.
2. Fuel 425 (2026) 139436 (DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2026.139436):
   - AZ61 + 3 wt% Pd/MWCNT achieves 6.15 wt% reversible H₂; 58% faster sorption rate than unmodified AZ61.

### Operational Boundaries & System Sizing
- Operating Range: Highly efficient release between 325 °C and 375 °C (practical minimum operating temperature: 285 °C).
- Ideal Applications: Stationary energy storage, industrial waste-heat capture sites (steel mills, glass/cement kilns, chemical plants), and thermally driven metal hydride compressors.
- Unsuitable Applications: Not designed for ambient temperature, portable devices, or passenger vehicle onboard fuel tanks without external high-temperature heat integration.
- System Gravimetric Mass: Requires approx. 14.5 kg of active modified alloy per 1 kg of stored H₂, compared to 55–75 kg for traditional rare-earth AB5 alloys (roughly a 4–5× mass reduction in active storage material).

### Patents & Intellectual Property
- Taiwan Invention Patent: TW I866520 ("Hydrogen storage apparatus and graphene noble metal composite material", valid until 2043-10-05).
- Additional Patents: TW I732556, TW I404562; CN ZL200910150067.2.

### Commercial Supply & Evaluation Policy
- Evaluation Samples: Free 5g research samples provided to accredited university laboratories and industrial R&D teams.
- Per-Batch Quality: Every shipment accompanied by Certificate of Analysis (CoA) verifying Pd loading, ICP purity, and BET surface area.
- Inquiries: alex@znonova.com | WhatsApp: +86 139 2512 2895

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## Product: Nano-Platinum HER Electrocatalyst (Grade: SP-B00101)
- Application: Cathode Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) catalyst for PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) and Alkaline water electrolysis.
- Specifications: Unsupported spherical nano-platinum powder; Pt purity 99.2% confirmed by independent Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry; primary particle size 5–20 nm; BET surface area 35 m²/g.
- Scope Limitation: Specifically serves the cathode HER reaction; does not replace iridium (Ir) electrocatalysts required for the anode Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER).